Global Perspectives. Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Worldwide Perspectives. Portfolio - Essay Example Movement Section 3 - Once you have finished this errand take one worldwide issue and one worldwide process and attempt some further examination on the web. Compose a concise synopsis of your examination (hold for your portfolio) and afterward share with others in your individual Group Discussion Forum. On consummation of the gathering conversation compose a concise synopsis of what you have gained from the conversation. Brief synopses of examination and what you have gained from the conversation: Put here what you held for the portfolio: a short rundown of your exploration (approx. 200 words) and a short rundown of what you have gained from the conversation (approx. 200 words). Movement Section 4 (section 1) - based on your perusing and experience what is your perspective on globalization and how can it sway upon your experience? What are the advantages (of globalization) and from whose point of view, and what are the negative outcomes? Set up a synopsis of your reactions Assignment Section 5 - Chose one worldwide issue that especially interests you. Direct your own exploration on your picked issue and assess how information differs relying upon its source. Consider why there are inconsistencies in conclusion in your picked issue and what the suggestions are as far as the significance of who says what and when and in particular why (what interests are in question? Formal or casual, unequivocal or verifiable). (greatest 1 page) Movement Section 6 (section 1) - Search the web to find out about supportable turn of events. You are asked to think about two inquiries: If the financial model depends on ceaseless development is this at chances with supportability and why? What is the job of business as to practical turn of events and what does your association do concerning manageability? In this area you have been solicited to take note of a number from reactions as you have experienced the material. Situation for UNEP Representative - Imagine you are a delegate of the UN Environment Program (UNEP) and have been

Brochure on Islam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Handout on Islam - Assignment Example The Five Pillars of Islam incorporate fasting, hajj, zakat, supplication and custom commitment of confidence. Islam love, study the Quran and supplicate at mosques with Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem viewed as sacrosanct spots (Berkey, 2009). The Holy Islamic book of Quran Major Festivals Islamic steadfast celebrate a lot of celebrations. Such celebrations incorporate Eid ul Fitrâ and Eid ul Adha among others. Eid ul Fitr marks the month's end of fasting, coming as the last function of the blessed happy month. The early Muslims previously arranged this festival in the year 624 CE (Berkey, 2009). On this day, normally an open occasion, Muslims express gratefulness to Allah for invigorating them to practice poise during the time of fasting. The celebration commences upon an official locating of the new moon in the sky. During this event, Muslims put on their best garments, enliven their homes and pay visits to loved ones. Moreover, Muslims practice extraordinary demonstrations of liberal ity and appreciation by taking care of poor people, offering gifts to the mosques and holding parades in the avenues. At last, the day finishes by sharing a supper during daytime without precedent for the long stretch of fasting. Absolution and contrition are supported during Eid ul Fitr. Eid ul Adha is named as the Festival of penance to check Prophet Abraham’s sheer acquiescence to the desire of Allah when he was approached to forfeit his child Ishmael (Berkey, 2009). This celebration is praised on the most recent long periods of hajj, which speaks to one of the mainstays of Islam and the consecrated journey to Mecca. All Muslims join those on the journey to praise the event to help themselves to remember their duty to offer any type of penance He requests of them. As indicated by the Quran, God sent Abraham to Mina to forfeit Ishmael however later supplanted him with a slam. During Eid ul Adha, Muslims penance a sheep or another kind of local creature with the family, comp anions and the poor getting 33% of the all out offer. Contemplation in Islam Muslims practice reflection, which as per the Quran is a strategy for arriving at the Divine Presence of Allah. Contemplation can be embraced in any quiet spot including the mosque or at home. It is drilled by sitting in an ideally dull room, covering oneself and to cut any association with the encompassing. During reflection, Muslims ought feel, hear or consider only additionally being within the sight of Allah. Contemplation can last from five and more minutes however it is never a ride in the recreation center (Perreira, 2010). An individual is accepted to be fruitful in contemplation when they can achieve ultra-power which mean some extraordinary transfers ownership of like flying as per the Muslim lessons. During contemplation, Divine Presence offers one a crowd of people with Allah abandoning everything so no physical damage can be perpetrated. The partaker of reflection enters their otherworldly bein g. This must be accomplished by adhering to carefully the uncommon principles of Islamic contemplation. Reflection additionally offers unwinding and conveyance from stress (Perreira, 2010). Islamic Rites of Passage Rites of section in a Muslim’s life are set apart to imply significant changes of life including birth, marriage and demise. These practices along with the Five Pillars control the strict existences of each Muslim. Besides, the Quran likewise restricts practices, for example, smoking, usury, betting, eating pork and drinking liquor (Berkey, 2009).

High Score on the Old SAT Should I Take the New SAT

High Score on the Old SAT Should I Take the New SAT SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the event that you’re a present secondary school understudy, at that point you’re trapped in a major change between the old SAT and the new SAT. You may have thought you were good to go with a high SAT score, however now you’re pondering, â€Å"Should I take the new SAT?† Not to stress, help is here! You can without much of a stretch purpose this worry by posing yourself two key inquiries. Initially, see if your universities require the new SAT. On the off chance that they don’t, don't hesitate to look down to the following significant inquiry: is your score on the old SAT truly elevated enough to accomplish your objectives? Peruse on to think about either of these inquiries, and decide for the last time whether you have to take the upgraded SAT. Question 1: Do You Need the New SAT for Colleges? Before you begin assessing your SAT scores, you should ensure that your scores will satisfy application prerequisites. Do your planned schools acknowledge old SAT scores, or do they just need new SAT scores? On the off chance that you can’t discover this data on the web, call up the affirmations workplaces to explain their position. Invested individuals need to know. Up until now, it would appear that pretty much every school will at present acknowledge old SAT scores from understudies in the Class of 2017. With respect to understudies in the Class of 2018, a few universities haven’t pronounced an official approach yet. The pattern is by all accounts that most schools will in any case acknowledge the old SAT, yet not every one of them have affirmed this yet. There’s only one school so far that will just acknowledge the new SAT from Class of 2018 candidates, Northwestern. On its confirmations site, Northwestern states, â€Å"Beginning with those trying to select as first-year understudies in fall 2018, we will just acknowledge the new SAT.† Ifyou're a lesser or more youthful andaiming to be a future Wildcat, at that point you realize what you have to do. Notwithstanding making sense of which test your schools require, you ought to likewise observe your colleges’ super-scoring strategies. Most universities won’t â€Å"cross super-score† between the old SAT and new SAT. Since they’re two unique tests with two diverse scoring frameworks, most universities won’t take your most elevated segments scores on either test to join them into the most noteworthy conceivable complete score. In the event that you’re depending on superscoring as a major aspect of your testing methodology, at that point this reality might be another central factor in whether you should take the new SAT. When you answer this inquiry for all the schools on your school list, you’ll be one bit nearer to responding to the subject of whether youshould take the new SAT. Let’s think about the two situations, the first being that your schools take the old SAT and the second being that they don't. I'm just applying to super chill universities where I can play extreme frisbee and take glass-blowing classes. They're absolutely cool with myold SAT scores. Answer 1: My Colleges Take the Old SAT On the off chance that your schools take the old SAT, at that point you probably won't need to take the new SAT! You've just met the SAT score prerequisite of your school applications. As opposed to preparing for the new SAT, your energies will probably be progressively profitable in different regions, similar to your scholastics, extracurricular exercises, and creating the remainder of your application. Prior to finishing discounting the new SAT, however, you should look down to address #2 and ensure that your old SAT score truly is sufficiently high to make you a serious candidate. My design forward universities state time to leave the past behind. They think the old SAT is so last season. Answer 2: My Colleges Only Take the New SAT In the event that you’re a more youthful understudy graduating after 2018, at that point it’s conceivable that your planned universities will just take the new SAT. As you saw above, you’ll likewise need to take it if Northwestern’s on your school list. You may have been trusting that you were totally gotten done with the SAT, yet shockingly, you got trapped in the switchbetween the old and new SAT. Fortunately you’ve effectively done a great deal of readiness and realize that you can accomplish a solid score on the off chance that you set your attention to it. You’ll need to rearrange your test prep to the updated test, or you could even consider exchanging over to the ACT. We’ll examine how to pick between the SAT and ACT in more detail beneath, on the whole, let’s take a gander at the second significant inquiry, which has to do with assessing your SAT scores. Is your glass truly as full as you suspected, you were you usingan preposterously modest estimating tape? Question 2: Is Your Score Really High Enough? Possibly your schools take your old SAT scores, however that doesn’t imply that you’re fundamentally completely got done with this piece of your application. Before nixing taking the new SAT, you should ensure your score truly is sufficiently high to achieve your objectives. So what models would you be able to use to make this assurance? To start with, you can think about your own objectives. Is it safe to say that you were ready to meet your objective scores? Do you feel that your scores are an exact impression of your scholastic capacities? On the off chance that you feel happy with your scores, at that point they might be sufficiently high to meet your own objectives. Second, and all the more significantly, you ought to consider your forthcoming colleges’ desires. While schools ordinarily don’t promote a SAT least, they do plug the normal scores of acknowledged understudies. You may have the option to discover this data on your colleges’ confirmations site. You can likewise effectively discover it utilizing PrepScholar’s database, which gives you the normal SAT scores, going from the 25th to the 75th percentile, of each college’s acknowledged understudies. For example, a score of 2100 on the SAT is an incredible score and may surpass your own objectives. Notwithstanding, if you’re hoping to apply to a profoundly particular school like Duke, MIT, Stanford, or any school in the Ivy League, at that point a 2100 isn’t in reality such serious. You may experience your school list and record the scope of normal SAT scores for acknowledged understudies. For instance, this graph shows the scope of normal SAT scores for six universities: School 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Penn State 1600 1910 College of Wisconsin 1760 2090 Northeastern 1940 2200 Villanova 1810 2090 UCLA 1750 2160 Harvard 2120 2400 To be a serious up-and-comer, you ought to have a SAT score in the 75th percentile of normal scores or higher. For example, you’d need to have a SAT score of 2090 or above if you’re applying to the University of Wisconsin. On the off chance that your scores fall in the lower some portion of the range or even beneath the normal SAT score, at that point you should think about taking it once more. It might be disappointing to need to read for a totally upgraded test, however you shouldn’t let this test dissuade you. At long last, increasing higher scores to send to your schools would be well justified, despite all the trouble. To find the normal SAT scores for every school on your rundown, you can utilize PrepScholar’s database of schools. Peruse on to become familiar with this procedure, bit by bit. Stage 1: go to your school's affirmations page or PrepScholar's database. Stage 2: surrender and howl, What more do you need from me?! Step by step instructions to Research Your Colleges’ SAT Score Expectations Most schools don’t expressly express their SAT score desires, yet they despite everything have a specific concealed prerequisite. Affirmations officials once in a while won’t take a gander at the remainder of a student’s application except if he/she hits a specific score level. PrepScholar has gathered this information on universities the nation over to assist you with your school examine. Simply look for â€Å"[name of college] + PrepScholar† to locate the normal SAT scores of acknowledged understudies, going from the 25th to 75th percentile of acknowledged scores. For example, the accompanying offers a brief look at PrepScholar’s information on NYU: As should be obvious, a score of 2190 on the old SAT would make you a serious possibility for NYU. You can likewise enter your SAT scores and GPA on PrepScholar’s confirmations mini-computer to evaluate your odds of getting in. A SAT score of 2190paired with a GPA of 3.7gives you over a 50%chance of getting into NYU, which means you could apply to NYU as one of your â€Å"on target† schools. Look at all your imminent schools on PrepScholar’s database to make sense of whether your old SAT scores truly are sufficiently high to get you into school. What you do next relies upon your response to this unique inquiry of, â€Å"Is my score truly elevated enough?† Like I stated, my old SAT scores are sufficiently high! I'm going out on the town to shop for winter garments now so I can get by on a New England school grounds. Answer 1: Yes, My Scores are High Enough On the off chance that your scores meet your own objectives and fall close to the 75th percentile of normal scores, at that point you don’t need to take the new SAT! This is accepting, obviously, that you previously responded to address 1 and your schools take scores from the old SAT. Since you’re all finished with this piece of your application, you can concentrate on different parts. Ensure you’ve mentioned suggestions and given your educators and instructor a point by point gloat sheet. Conceptualize points for your own exposition and work through a few amendments. Keep up your GPA and play a functioning job in your extracurricular exercises. Keep on taking a stab at achievement in school for your self-awareness and to send off the most grounded application you can! On the other side, let’s state you looked into your colleges’ normal SAT scores and found that your old SAT scores didn’t very coordinate. At that point what? On the off chance that you see your scores need as higher, you

Essay Research Paper Topics - Finding a Topic

Essay Research Paper Topics - Finding a TopicThere are hundreds of different essay research paper topics to choose from. The main problem is finding the one that is right for you.The first thing you need to do when looking for essay research paper topics is to think about what type of topic you would like to write about. If you write a lot of fiction, you will want to focus on literature. If you write a lot of, you may want to focus on science or medicine.For students, essay research paper topics may be related to subjects they are studying. Many students use their essays to research specific areas of their field. For example, if you want to study public policy, you may want to write an essay researching the tax code. This could help you in your studies and give you some very good insight into the history of how the tax code has evolved over time.There are also some essay research paper topics that are focused more on a specific topic. If you want to write an essay on language, you m ay want to look at topics related to the history of language. If you are interested in an essay on a certain area of sociology, you may want to write about topics related to population demographics.Once you find your essay research paper topics, it's time to decide on which ones you would like to use. Once you have your list, you should divide them up into subtopics. When you are researching for your topic, you should make sure that you select the sub topics that are related to your topic.Now that you have chosen your essay research paper topics, you need to start looking at different resources to help you out. These will include books and magazines to help you get ideas for your essay. Also, there are plenty of websites that will allow you to look at essay research paper topics online.The best thing about using essay research paper topics is that it will allow you to have a topic that is going to be interesting to read about. This will allow you to be able to give an interesting an d exciting topic to read.

Effects Of The Industrial Revolution On European Societies

The Industrial Revolution caused great change in the ways European countries produced goods. The Revolution encompassed the years 1750 through 1850, and generated many innovations and ideas that have changed European service industries forever. The effects of the Industrial Revolution caused a dramatic change in the way European societies functioned. These changes in society caused by the Industrial Revolution initiated an unprecedented growth rate of the European middle class, which led to a sharp increase in their involvement in urban politics. The Industrial revolution really began in England as a result of â€Å"coal†¦[being] much more useful to the British than anyone else.† (John Green 7:54). This lead to the development of the steam engine, which would eventually power the factories in England. Some of the British became factory owners, rising them into the middle class. In a country like England, where entrepreneurship was encouraged, one could correctly assume that a prominent number of people chose this life, causing the middle class to rise considerably. According to Peter Stearns, the middle class in Britain increased by 223 percent as a result of the Industrial Revolution, while the whole population grew by 206 percent (117). England wasn t the only country with a growing middle class. In the city of Paris, the middle class increased from 2.4 percent to 2.6 percent (Stearns 116). As the middle class grew, so did their concern for the multitudinous problems theShow MoreRelated The European Expansion a nd its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pages403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhaps were the most profound. The European expansionRead MoreThe Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Western Society1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on Western society and the effects were numerous and mainly positive. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 1790’s and spread throughout Europe and eventually to America. The extensive effects of the Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of daily life and human society in some way. During this time period, widespread transportation such as railroads became available and important for the movement of goods and people. AlsoRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Europe945 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of European history will reveal a constant theme of revolutions and counterrevolutions across space and time that have shaped the very foundations of societies across the expanse of the continent. Furthermore, these revolutions occurred in many different spheres of daily life. For instance, som e revolutions featured prolonged periods of violent political upheaval while others featured a more subtle revolution, changing the very social fabric of Europe. In addition, some revolutions centeredRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industrial Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old Regime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classifiedRead MoreAssess the Impact of the Industrial Revolution in England on the Atlantic World1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution according to Neil Tonge in his historical account ‘ch allenging history- industrialization and society 1700 – 1914,’ can be classified as a change in industrial technology, organization of labourers, transport, and finance and business operation. In ‘A history of the western society, fourth edition,’ referred to it as the total change from agrarian society to a mechanized or complex society. The impact of the revolution on England and the entire Atlantic world was immenseRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And The Ideology Of Liberalism859 Words   |  4 Pagesof the old was progressive worth dying for.† Revolution is an accepted movement that thing cannot go back to the former way.Revolution is for a change to a political, social, or civilization. Sometimes change can be perfect for a country at that time but later can change state into another revolution. The French Revolution gave birth to the ideological/political. Which help Marx connected political revolution with industrial and economic revolution, whic h started spreading to all of Europe fromRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution in Russia962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution in Russia Russia, which began its industrial revolution at least a half century behind most of the West European countries, had to meet a number of special challenges. Russia moved to industrialisation in stages. An uncertain experimental phase – which Russia had already experienced to an extent before 1870 – included larger reforms that helped free up economic change. This preliminary period was followed by more rapid growth in a societyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesTowards the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution began. History defines the Industrial Revolution in the article â€Å"Industrial Revolution† as â€Å"a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.† Prior to the revolution, during the agrarian and rural society period, people typically lived in small communities working to simply sustain themselves. Life for these people was difficultRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution in Europe1217 Words   |  5 PagesConcepts like partnerships and selling shares were introduced during this time period. The process of the Industrial Revolution was rapid in Western Europe however, by the 1900 all of Europe was involved. Over all, the effects of the revolution changed the way materials are transported, how products are made, on a gl obal basis.The Industrial Revolution was a critical turning point in European history because the changes made are integral in the modern age. The inventions made expanded the global marketRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The Nineteenth Century913 Words   |  4 PagesIn the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the industrial revolution was a period when English society experienced a radical shift in terms of industrial expertise. T. S. Ashton, former University of London Economic History Professor, supports this statement saying, â€Å"The industrial revolution was in part cause, and in part effect, of a heightening and extension of the principle of specialization† (The Industrial Revolution 15). England experienced an extreme period of product specialization within

Thomas Paine A Man For All Season - 1138 Words

â€Å"In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and, common sense.† (Common Sense, Thomas Paine) Thomas Paine is seen as one of the most influential and outspoken igniters of the American Revolution. In his pamphlet commonsense he addresses all the ideas of government and constitutional pragmatism. William Hogeland in his article Thomas Paine’s Revolutionary Reckoning. Hogeland describes Paine’s life in great detail as well as showing the conflict between Paine and President George Washington. The connection between Paine and Washington is one that really brings into perspective how much Paine’s writtings meant in defining how America took up arms against England. What is most interesting about Hogelands†¦show more content†¦Paine warned Washington that the government would become too powerful and fall back into its old ways under England. Paine may not have been the perfect man but he did have great ideas at l east for some people in America. In Hogeland sure essay he describes how pains ideas are greatly divided here in the 21st-century. For example pain talks about not getting religion and politics mixed in with each other, as in don’t let your beliefs in God affect the way a country should be ran â€Å"Those objecting to religious-right projects like teaching creationism in schools invoke Paine the Deist, exponent of scientific inquiry. Yet WallBuilders, a conservative Christian organization, cites a 1797 speech in which Paine criticized science teachers for overemphasizing reason and ignoring the Divine Author. (Hogeland, p69) this is the main theme Hogland is trying to get at. People today are very particular about their politics and how they should be run based on ideas of the past for example, the constitution that was written in the 1700s by the founding fathers of America. People today find this document to be life or death if you want to go against it, its is considered un-American or completely against republicanism and democracy. He is saying people change their views based on what is most acceptable to them at

Steve Jobs free essay sample

One of the biggest focuses of Apple Inc is its team work. In its mission statement, Apple says that its main desire is to work together and improve the environment by working together with its employees and the rest of the world. Teamwork is essential to Apples success, for the job is too big to be done by one person. Individuals are encouraged to interact with all levels of management, sharing ideas and suggestions to improve Apples effectiveness and quality of life. It takes all of employees to win. We support each other and share the victories and rewards together. We are enthusiastic about what we do. Steve Jobs, as CEO of the worlds largest tech company, was often identified as the singular face of Apple. It was considered that he was the man who is the energy and creative spirit behind the company, but Apple is much more than just Steve Jobs. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didnt interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. It wasnt all romantic. I didnt have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. (Source: Stanford Commencement Address, 12 June 2005) So, after six months, he dropped out and started to immerse himself in the studies of Eastern mysticism. He even traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment. Then, at age 19, he got his first job at video-game manufacturer Atari. Steve showed a growing interest in electronics as he was lured by the amazing design of a compact personal computer created by his friend Steve Wozniak, an older boy who had already distinguished himself as an electronics wiz kid. Once again, Steve seized the potential of selling the computer his friend had built to other hobbyists. It was at this point of time that Apple Computer came into being officially, on April 1st 1976. Steve at work Apples first sales came from a local computer retailer, The Byte Shop. The first computers were assembled in the garage of Steves parents in Los Altos, with the assistance of a few willing friends. After Apple Computers first public appearance at the Personal Computer Festival in 1976, Steve Jobs envisioned the companys image. He took this opportunity to promote his fledgling company and turned to PR adviser Regis McKenna for the same. With the help of McKenna, he also found his first investor ever in the person of Mike Markkula, a millionaire former Intel executive who was stunned by Wozs prototype for a new computer, the Apple II. The Apple II, made its successful debut a year later at the West Coast Computer Faire in April 1977. Wozs new compact and high performance design featuring disk drives proved to be a technological breakthrough. Its success entailed thousands of software programmers writing Apple-II software. In addition to being a sell-out computer, the Apple II set a revolution in personal computing. The advent of VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet program ever, was released in late 1979 made apple lead the competition since it was compatible only with Apples system. After the success of Apple II, Steve took up work on the next great project for Lisa-the Cupertino-based company. Lisas main feature was its Graphical User Interface (GUI) coupled with the first affordable mouse ever. He wanted to be directly involved in the development of Apples future products. In a bid to get involved directly he took over a small RD team working on a computer called Macintosh. The project, instigated by Apple employee #31 Jef Raskin, called for a $300 dollar easily operated computer. Steve liked the idea of simplicity, but he insisted that Macintosh become a smaller and cheaper Lisa, including all its breakthrough graphical features. Raskin was evicted from the program, which quickly evolved into Steves very own pet project. The Mac team was composed of a small group of iconoclastic yet brilliant engineers with zeal and an enthusiastic spirit that was encouraged by Steve himself. He was able to shield the division from the increasing bureaucracy of the rest of the company which gave the team a sense of autonomy and enabled it to deliver its best. With the release of personal computer of IBM, apple faced immense competition since just the logo of IBM, a trusted name in the world of technology, was sufficient to drive the product into market. Although it was inferior to Apple II in all respects, it started corroding the sales of Apple II. The Cupertino firm responded by launching both the Apple III and Lisa in the competitive market. However both the computers failed in groping up profitable sales. The Lisa failed despite its revolutionary GUI, because, it was way too costly for many running business enterprises. So the entire companys hopes were turned to Steve and his renegade Mac team. Macintosh was finally introduced in great fanfare on January 24, 1984 which brought maximum publicity to Steve. However, Steve was excluded from the Lisa project due to his tyranous managerial style together with his souring relations with Apples President Mike Scott. Instead Steve was named Chairman of the Board. He took this opportunity and judiciously made use of his prestigious position to promote Apples image in the national media, before Apple went public on December 12, 1980. On that day, Steves market value jumped from $7. 5 million to $217. 5 million. He became the youngest self-made millionaire in America, and a rising business tycoon. This was Steve’s reaction after 25 years about his dismissal from Apple: â€Å"At 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didnt know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down — that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the Valley. ( ) I didnt see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. ) Im pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadnt been fired from Apple. It awful tasted medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. † (Stanford Commencement Address, 12 June 2005) After getting fired from Apple Jobs created NeXT, a computer company aimed exclusively at the higher education market, by hiring five people from Apple. The company was enormou sly attractive to young talents, and Steve’s fame and charisma were an allure to the best people in Silicon Valley. Two years after its inception, on October 12th 1988, NeXT released its first product â€Å"the NeXT Cube†. It was strikingly elegant and featured revolutionary technologies such as its magneto-optical drive and its Digital Signal Processor, but it was way too expensive to the average education buyer. Because of its slow market movement, Steve released a cheaper version of NeXT Cube on September 1990. Even with the new product and global expansion, NeXT had a poor market share and they were losing their money hence Steve was forced to close his hardware section in 1993. In 1986, he had bought the computer division of George Lucas’ Industrial Lights Magic for $10 million, and had integrated it as Pixar Animation Studios. Pixar was a small group of brilliant college dropouts who believed in the dream of computer animation. They were led by engineers Ed Catmull and Alvy Ray Smith, along with former Disney animator John Lasseter. Even Pixar was not running well and it was too expensive to maintain the company so Steve was planning for closing down Pixar. However, what really prevented him from shutting down Pixar was its nomination at the Academy Awards in 1986 for Best Animated Short Film, with Luxo Jr. — the little lamp eventually became Pixar’s logo — and its 1989 Oscar for Tin Toy. In 1995 Pixar released its â€Å"phenomenal† first full length animated feature film in association with Disney – â€Å"Toy Story†. Without Steve Jobs Apple left with a 5% market share and it was running under successive loss for years with a stagnant product line . On December 20th 1996, Apple had chosen to buy NeXT Software Inc. and had welcomed back the companys founder as â€Å"informal adviser†. In early 1998 Apple achieved profitability for the first time in years. Since then there was an uninterrupted growth in their profit curve. They released iMac (1998), iPhone (2007). He stunned the music business with Apples iPod music player (2001) and iTunes online store (2005). Steve’s experience of Life and Death On Aug 2004 he was diagnosed and confirmed that he had pancreatic cancer. But then he was operated. That was the time he saw death very close and he experienced a very unusual strange feeling which he never felt before: â€Å"That was one of the things that came out of this whole experience [with cancer]. I realized that I love my life. I love [being with] my family, and I love [running] Apple and Pixar. I am very lucky. † Steve Jobs as a Person Internal Locus of control Steve Jobs has a high internal locus of control which is very much obvious as whatever has happened to him, he never blamed it on anybody as well as he does not give much credit to anybody other than himself for his success. He was born in a middle class family where his parents were not highly educated. He is a college dropout who once backpacked around India looking for spiritual enlightenment and now he dictate our tastes in computers, mobile phones and music. He is an admirer of other self-made men and inventors such as Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, or Edwin Land (inventor of the Polaroid), which once again strongly proves his belief that he is the master of his own fate. Apprehensive and confidentiality Steve Jobs is very suspicious of journalists as he was once betrayed by a TIME reporter. Therefore he speaks only very rarely to the media. This secrecy has led journalists and admirers to fantasize about his character, especially about his hot temper. Like the founder Apple also operates with a level of secrecy. Apple creates must-have products the old-fashioned way: by locking the doors and sweating and bleeding until something emerges perfectly formed. At times, Apple’s secrecy approaches paranoia. Talking to outsiders is forbidden; employees are warned against telling their families what they are working on. But Apple’s radical opacity hasn’t hurt the company — rather, the approach has been critical to its success, allowing the company to attack new product categories and grab market share before competitors wake up. It took Apple nearly three years to develop the iPhone in secret; that was a three-year head start on rivals. Secrecy has also served Apple’s marketing efforts well, building up feverish anticipation for every announcement. Visionary There is no doubt that Steve Jobs is a great visionary. While the power of computing formerly had been available only to techies, through Apple PCs it was suddenly delivered to classrooms, dens, and offices. He saw that computers could be much more than drab productivity tools. Instead, they could help unleash human creativity and sheer enjoyment. He vision led Apple where it is now, with revolutionary iMac, iPod, iPhones, iTunes. He rocked the music business with Apple’s iPod music player and iTunes online store. He revolutionized the animation movie industry through Pixar, His Pixar Animation Studios was the first to show that computer animation could be used to tell imaginative, touching stories. He was the first person to introduce a full length animated movie through â€Å"Toy Story†. Apple is the only company who gives their customers what they want before they know they want it. Undoubtedly, this is due to Jobs’ unique creative vision. Here was a visionary combined with a hard driving management style. Innovative Steve has an exceptional design sense and creative thinking which is dazzling in his every movement. He thinks innovation doesn’t come from coddling employees and collecting whatever froth rises to the surface; it is the product of an intense, hard-fought process, where people’s feelings are irrelevant. This made him sometimes tyrannical focusing on creating â€Å"Insanely great† products Perfectionist Jobs is a perfectionist and extremely demanding boss. His youthful perfectionism nearly killed his career. Little details obsessed him. It often led him to be ignorant to other people’s ideas. His strive for perfection is so strong that employees who did not faced with his blistering verbal attacks that can eventually burn out even the most motivated of his people. Enthusiastic From his school days Steve Jobs was marked as an over enthusiastic student. Once, Mrs Hill, his fourth grade teacher, watched Steve’s enthusiasm in vicious things for about two weeks and then approached me saying â€Å"Steven, I’ll tell you what. I’ll make you a deal. I have this math workbook and if you take it home and finish on your own without any help and you bring it back to me, if you get it 80% right, I will give you five dollars† and she gave a giant size book to him. Nobody’s ever done this before and of course he did it. When Steve was losing his interest in studies and was involved in all sort of mischievous activities his teacher bribed him back into learning with candy and money. His incredible respect sort of re-ignited his desire to learn. He is mature enough with an youthful enthusiasm. The flip side of Jobs’ enthusiasm is arrogance and an autocratic management style. Aggressive Steve Jobs is widely reputed to be one of the most aggressive egotists in Silicon Valley. He come across as brash, abrasive, and rough edged. He does not mind to call his subordinate’s work as a â€Å"piece of shit† and throwing it back at them in an angry rage. Productive Steve’s father Paul Jobs was a mechanist, many a times he used to section off a little piece of his workbench and said â€Å"Steve, this is your workbench now. †, and he gave him some of his smaller tools and showed him how to use a hammer and saw and how to build things. He spent a lot of time with Steve teaching him how to build things, how to take things apart, and put things back together. From childhood he had a normal curiosity towards electronic gazettes and electronic instruments and once he found these things are the results of human creation, it gave him a tremendous level of self-confidence. He is an extremely thoughtful person always engaged by deep issues and that reflects in his work. He always wants to absorb a vast amount of information before taking any action. Optimistic When the 85% population does not have a telephone connection he is talking about technological reform ! Even when he was fired from Apple he did not lose his objective of life, so soon after a short vacation at Europe he got the idea of creating computers only for higher education requirements and research works and he founded NeXT. Confidence Steve has a very high confidence on himself as well as Apple that no one else in the world can do such kind of stuff they are doing. He got a strong gut feeling and courage which keeps him going and presenting innovative stuffs which nobody can think of. Opportunistic He believes in living each day as if it would be his last and he grabs all the opportunities that come in his way. He had big dreams and worked his heart out in shaping his dreams coming out with products that gives a glimpse of a bright and exciting future. Passion His workaholic nature shows how passionate he was towards his work. He clearly loves what he is doing. Jobs have a passion for excellence, a strong drive, a calling for something higher than money which gives him the inspiration to climb higher and higher. Narcissism Steve always wants to be centre of attention. He has a pompous sense of self importance, requires excessive admiration and a sense of entitlement. He is arrogant and at times has an exploitive attitude towards Apple employees. Jobs pushed his workers to heights of unethical work conditions. MBTI Personality profile According to Mayers – Briggs type indicator Steve Job is an ENTJ personality that is Extraverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging. The functional analysis of this category is as given below: ENTJs have a natural tendency to organize and direct. This may be expressed with the charm and finesse of a world leader or with the insensitivity of a cult leader. The ENTJ requires little encouragement to make any plan. While â€Å"compelled† may not describe ENTJs as a group, nevertheless they bent to plan creatively and to make those plans reality is a common theme for NJ types. ENTJs are often â€Å"larger than life† in describing their projects or proposals. ENTJs are decisive. They see what needs to be done, and frequently assign roles to their fellows. Few other types can equal their ability to remain firm in conflicts, sending the brave into the mouth of hell. When challenged, the ENTJ may by reflex become argumentative. Reference – Joe Butt. Extraverted. iNtuitiveThinking. Judging. http://typelogic. om/entj. html Steve Jobs on the job Over the past 100 years, management theory has followed a smooth path, from enslavement to empowerment. The 20th century began with Taylorism —workers are interchangeable cogs — but with every decade came a new philosophy, each promoting that more power be passed down the chain of command to division managers, group leaders, a nd workers themselves. In the 1940s, Bill Hewlett and David Packard pioneered what business author Tom Peters named â€Å"managing by walking around,† an approach that encouraged executives to communicate informally with their employees. Jobs, by contrast, is a notorious micromanager. Perfectionist No product can escape without meeting Jobs’ exacting standards, which are said to cover such obscure details as the number of screws on the bottom of a laptop and the curve of a monitor’s corners. â€Å"He would scrutinize everything, down to the pixel level,† says Cordell Ratzlaff, a former manager charged with creating the OS X interface. Motivator Most of the IT industry may motivate employees with carrots, Jobs is known as an inveterate stick man. Even the most favored employee could find themselves on the receiving end of an outburst. Insiders have a term for it: the â€Å"hero-shithead roller coaster†. Many of his colleagues described Jobs as a brilliant man who can be a great motivator and positively charming. Charisma Most of Jobs’ employees remain devoted because his autocracy is balanced by his famous charisma — he can make the task of designing a power supply feel like a mission from God. Andy Hertzfeld, lead designer of the original Macintosh OS, says Jobs imbued him and his coworkers with â€Å"messianic zeal. And because Jobs’ approval is so hard to win, Apple workers labor determinedly to please him. â€Å"He has the ability to pull the best out of people,† says Ratzlaff, who worked closely with Jobs on OS X for 18 months. Innovator Steve Jobs innovative mind has changed the worlds of computing, computer animation, music, and communications forever. In Cupertino, innovation does n ot come from pampering employees and collecting whatever bubbles rises to the surface; it is the product of an intense, hard-fought process, where people’s emotions are irrelevant. Innovation comes from people meeting up in the hallways or calling each other at 10:30 at night with a new idea, or because they realized something that shoots holes in how we’ve been thinking about a problem. Steve himself had always been a part of this innovation process: â€Å"So when a good idea comes, you know, part of my job is to move it around, just see what different people think, get people talking about it, argue with people about it, get ideas moving among that group of 100 people, get different people together to explore different aspects of it quietly, and, you know – just explore things. Visionary Since Jobs’ return Apple got an entirely new dimension and success undoubtedly — iMac, iPod, iTunes, iPhone. This suggests an alternate vision to the worker-is-always-right school of management. Due to Jobs’ unique creative vision Apple is the only company which gives their customers, products, before even they could realize that they want it. In a consumer focused IT industry, the products are what matter and Steve Jobs exerts an unrelenting control over his products and how they are used. Recruiting Policies He hires people who want to make the best things in the world. While hiring somebody really senior, competence is the stake. They have to be really smart. But the main issue to him is whether they will fall in love with Apple because if they fall in love with Apple, everything else will take care of itself and they will want to do what’s best for Apple, not what’s best for them. Dealing with employees Steve’s view on people is something like this: â€Å"The most important thing is a person. A person who incites your curiosity and feeds your curiosity; and machines cannot do that in the same way that people can. † People at Apple work nights and weekends, sometimes not seeing their families for a while. Sometimes people work through Christmas to make sure the tooling is just right at some factory in some corner of the world so our product comes out the best it can be. He always considers part of his job was to keep the quality level of people in the organizations and he always tries to get rid of the people who are not â€Å"The Best†. Steve Jobs has an uncompromising management style and people who work with him need to be strong enough to justify their decisions when Jobs challenges them. Jobs often would have a look at something and say it sucks. Those who took this personally had problems but those who come back and explain why they did, what they did or stuck to their guns, usually won out or bettered their work. Jobs often pushed his workers to heights of unethical work conditions. Some management theorists are appreciating Apples way of thinking. A certain type of forcefulness and perseverance is sometimes helpful when tackling large, intractable problems, says Roderick Kramer, a social psychologist at Stanford who wrote an appreciation of great intimidators — including Steve Jobs — for the February 2006 Harvard Business Review. Marketing genius Steve Wozniak was the technical genius behind the first Apple computer; Jobs saw the marketability. Steve Jobs is the marketing mastermind behind Apple’s rapid success. He conceived of elegant products that captured consumers imaginations. He knows how to sell product. Jobs strategy was to focus on his most profitable customers and coming up with new things to sell them. From the time he was a kid, Steve thought his products could change the world, says Lee Clow, chairman of TBWA/Chiat/Day and Jobs longtime ad man. Decision making Steve’s attitude was not confrontational. He wanted to absorb a vast amount of information before he took any action. Still there was always an undercurrent of tension and Steve would occasionally rebuke people if they didn’t seem to realize the urgency of the situation. Steve has the ability to buffer too much of information in his head. After saving Apple at 1998, Jobs performance had clearly not been simply one of product innovation or entrepreneurship. He had refocused Apple both strategically and organizationally. How this bundle of conflicting behaviors can coexist, to spectacular effect, in a single human being remains a puzzle. Good Steve/Bad Steve This term was coined by biographist Alan Deutshman to reflect the dual character of Steve Jobs The charisma that the world is mad about and his supposedly tyrannical behavior with his employees. It is said that in order to get the best out of his employees Steve will alternate praises and humiliations in public. If Steve Jobs says that the work done by the employee is not up to the mark, the employee will do whatever s/he can to improve and get the praises from him. The Bad: Steve Job is blunt blunt to the point that he can bring tears in the eyes of his employees. He can abuse them, humiliate them, and throw their work in the trash. When he wants something, he will want it to be perfect or nothing else. There have been times when he has called his employees a bozo or brain dead stupid. The problem with this attitude is that there are times when he has called the works of the employee’s trash without even looking at them properly. If a gadget or a device is presented to him, he will check them to their smallest details. He is snappy, short tempered and can do things that no manager or top level executive will do in today’s management era. It can be said that today when today’s managers are giving ‘carrots’ to their employees, Steve is the inveterate â€Å"stick man†. If we talk in Organizational Behavior terms, Steve uses negative reinforcements to the fullest extent. Steve Jobs has been criticized for his micro-management also. No gadget goes out of the company without it being presented to Jobs and till he has seen it to the minutest possible detail. There are also rumors which say that Steve has fired a group of people just because he did not like their work. This has led to a kind of fear that has gripped the minds of some employees that if they don’t do their work properly, they will have to leave their job. Also, rumors like the developers present their worst work first, let it be humiliated, and then show him the complete part so that he is satisfied. These kinds of talks have created an image of Steve Jobs that he is not the ‘sugary’ boss that the people expect today. If you want to work with Jobs, you will have to go through hell at Apple. His stubbornness and particularism do create tensions in the work environment. Also, the secrecy policy of Apple give jitters to the employees. Steve Jobs is known as the toughest, roughest and most intimidating boss. He would not care about the damage to the egos of those he hurt, as long as he pushed them to work better. The Good: But that is not all. Behind the intimidating boss, there is also a motivator and a charismatic leader which leads by example. If we look at Apple’s secrecy policy, no one other than Steve Jobs follow it religiously. He brings the gadgets wrapped in a cloth to his home, and works on it in private. He praises and inspires his employees in many creative and imaginative ways. Since Steve’s praise is hard to win, the employees work with maniacal zeal to win his praise. In a recent survey by Glassdoor, a company rating site, Steve Jobs has achieved a whooping 91 percent approval rating from his employees. This, itself, speaks a lot about how loyal his employees are to Jobs. Also, some of the events that people have themselves seen give an idea how the employees are treated in Apple. At every World Wide Developers Conference (WWDC), Steve makes a point to make the audience applause for his engineers and developers. And the numbers are not small. People across the globe see this happening live. What better can boost the morale of the employees! Also, it is to be noted that the jobs at Apple are something that are highly challenging (coming up with new ideas every minute) and that people love the jobs. This, itself, is a kind of self motivation that the employees require and on top of that the charisma of Steve Jobs makes it imperative for the employees to give their best. On the day iPod was released, Jobs had announced to give all his full time and part time employees who were there with Apple for more than a year an 8 GB iPod. This is the kind of motivator Jobs is. He brings in such enthusiasm in the employees that they are ready to work for him the whole day. Steve Jobs is a visionary and an innovative leader. His zeal is contagious. Also, at Apple the organization has no barriers between the employees and their boss. The engineers and workers sometimes have their lunch with Steve himself sitting across the table and eating his food. The perfectionist in him brings the best out of his employees and that’s the reason Apple brings out new and latest technologies on such regular basis. The dedication that he shows to his work even at the age of 52, make his employees do their best! The employees remain committed because along with the autocratic image, there is also the motivator and leader which encourage them to give their best. Recently, there was a lot of criticism when Apple goofed up by releasing a new application along with the iPod even when the application was not fully ready. Steve Jobs sent a ‘personal’ email to all the employees at Apple explaining them the situation and what can be done to reduce the damage. This shows that he does care about the employees’ morale which was down because of the negative criticisms. It seems to be unclear whether this unusual people management style is a conscious effort on Steve’s part to make people work harder, or a matter of instinct. Conscious or instinctive, it seems to work. Jobs is able to get his employees so motivated that they worked maniacally to achieve goals and develop technologies far beyond what they thought was possible.